a production in contrast to the mass production of studio production. A filmmaker, producer, and crew devote their energy to making a single film.

the relationship of the television or film frame's width to its height.

a type of organisation in which the film's parts are juxtaposed to suggest similarities, contrasts, concepts, emotions, and expressive qualities.

sound that is not matched with image, as when dialogue is out of sync with lip movements

Eisenstein's theory of film analyses the image as a series or collection of attractions, each in a dialectical relationship with the others. In this theory, attractions are thus basic elements of film form.