the degree to which light rays coming from the same part of an object through different parts of the lens reconverge at the same point on the film frame, creating sharp outlines and distinct textures.

a punctuation device in which the image gradually comes into focus or goes out of the focus.

a shot with framing that shifts to keep a moving figure onscreen; that is, a shot that follows a moving figure.

the linear distortion caused by wide-angle lens; the perception of depth is exaggerated.

the distortion caused by a telephoto lens; the illusion of depth is compressed.