in semiotics, cinema is considered a language because it is a means of communication, but it is not necessarily a language system because it does not follow the rules of written or spoken language.

A lapel microphone or lavalier (or lav mic) is a small electret or dynamic microphone used for television, theatre, film and public speaking applications, in order to allow hands-free operation.

They are most commonly provided with small clips for attaching to collars, ties, or other clothing. The cord may be hidden by clothes and either run to a radio frequency transmitter in a pocket or clipped to a belt (for mobile work), or directly to the mixer (for stationary applications).

a lapel microphone or lavalier (or lav mic) is a small electret or dynamic microphone used for television, theatre, film and public speaking applications, in order to allow hands-free operation.

They are most commonly provided with small clips for attaching to collars, ties, or other clothing. The cord may be hidden by clothes and either run to a radio frequency transmitter in a pocket or clipped to a belt (for mobile work), or directly to the mixer (for stationary applications).

A lighting diagram, whether hand drawn or using computer software, is an illustration or diagram that explains (usually in plan view) the layout, types of lighting and lighting modification and camera position of a particular lighting composition. Although there are no universally agreed symbols, there are nonetheless, some widely agreed symbolic conventions representing different types of light and modification.

Lighting practicals are a collective term for any single or number of lights that can seen by an audience within shot and which (usually but not always) originate light that is used in the final scene. Examples of lighting practicals include bed side table lamps, candles, desk lamps, torches (flash lights) and indeed any form of lighting where it is evidence to the audience that the light might naturally be expected to come from such light sources.

in a narrative, the clear motivation of a series of causes and effects that progress without significant digressions, delays, or irrelevant actions.

Location sound supervisor - The individual on set ultimately responsible for the correct recording and mixing of all sound sources on the film or TV location or studio.

He or she is in charge of all aspects of sound and often works with a Boom Operator

a framing in which the scale of the object shown is small; a standing human figure would appear nearly the height of the screen.

a shot that continues for an unusually lengthy time before the transition to the next shot.